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Latest Articles
Mach Number and Stagnation Pressure
State-dependent sound speed, a worked compressibility comparison and limits around shocks
Shaft Stress, Twist and Power
Worked solid and hollow shaft comparisons at fixed diameter and equal material area
Working with Humid-Air Measurements
Dry/wet-bulb inputs, moisture mass bases, two-stream mixing and ideal cooling with condensate
AC Power and Impedance
RMS values, balanced three-phase power and a worked series RLC resonance example
Water Properties for Pipe Flow
Temperature-dependent water density and viscosity, pressure limits and a worked pipe-friction comparison
Acceleration Fundamentals
Average and instantaneous acceleration, constant-acceleration examples and the fluid material derivative
Centrifugal Pumps Capacity Modulation
Methods for controlling centrifugal pump capacity including throttling, speed control, and bypass
Cold Water Storage Design
Supply-demand balance, usable storage, water age and hydraulic checks for cold-water tanks
Control Valve Sizing
Liquid Kv sizing, choking limits, cavitation and flashing, with bounded examples and manufacturer sources
Copper Tube Heat Losses
Cylindrical conduction, convection films and insulation heat-transfer estimates with a worked pipe example
Gravity and Newton's Second Law
Net force, weight, standard gravity and calculated free-fall examples, with assumptions and primary sources
Primary references
Original data and explanations from their publishers. These links open external resources.
Fluid properties · NIST
NIST thermophysical fluid properties
Look up density, viscosity, heat capacity and other properties at specified temperature and pressure. Select the fluid, units and state at NIST.
Accessed 2026-09-08
Units · NIST
NIST SI notation and conversion guidance
Reference for unit notation and conversion factors. SP 811 predates the 2019 SI redefinition; use its linked SP 330 for updated base-unit definitions.
Accessed 2026-09-08
Fluid mechanics · NASA Glenn
NASA Bernoulli equation derivation
Derivation relating static and dynamic pressure, with the steady, inviscid and incompressible assumptions for the simplified relation.
Accessed 2026-09-08
Chemistry · NIST
NIST Chemistry WebBook
Find thermochemical, thermophysical and spectral data by chemical name, formula or CAS number. Consult the original record for phase, temperature range and cited measurements.
Accessed 2026-09-08
Materials · NIST
NIST Materials Data Repository
Search materials research datasets from NIST and community contributors. Review status and reuse terms vary by record; this repository is not a collection of universally certified design values.
Accessed 2026-09-08
Mathematics · NIST
NIST Digital Library of Mathematical Functions
Reference for numerical methods and special functions, including Bessel functions, error functions and elliptic integrals. Check the domain and conventions of each formula.
Accessed 2026-09-08
Statistics and quality · NIST / SEMATECH
NIST/SEMATECH statistical methods handbook
Methods for exploratory data analysis, measurement characterization, process modeling, quality control and reliability. Use the online chapters for updates beyond the older printable PDFs.
Accessed 2026-09-08
Energy and weather · NASA
NASA POWER solar and meteorological data
Access worldwide solar and meteorological datasets derived from satellite observations and models, through a viewer or API. Inspect methodology, parameter definitions and uncertainty for the intended location and application.
Accessed 2026-09-08
Water resources · USGS
USGS Water Data for the Nation
Find monitoring locations and current or historical water observations. Check location metadata, measurement category and the observation period before comparing streamflow, groundwater or water-quality records.
Accessed 2026-09-08
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